Question 1 refers to the following passage, the Tenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Which principle of U.S. government does the Tenth Amendment guarantee?

The _______________ was one of the first documents in world history emphasizing that written law was just as powerful as a king or other ruler.

With the adoption of the Twenty-Second Amendment, U.S. presidents could serve no more than two terms in office. Since then, all presidents who served two terms did so consecutively, meaning back to back.

Whose presidency convinced the United States that the Twenty-Second Amendment was a necessary addition to the Constitution?

Question 4 refers to the following passage, an excerpt from The Second Treatise on Government by John Locke (1689).

Which founding document pulled from Locke’s ideas in The Second Treatise on Government?

Question 5 refers to the following passage, an excerpt from Federalist 10 by James Madison (1787).

Based on the passage, what would Madison point to as an example of the “dangers of faction”?

Questions 6 and 7 refer to the passages below, excerpts from the Articles of Confederation and the U.S. Constitution.

How did states’ powers change with the Constitution’s adoption?

The Articles of Confederation and Constitution both __________.

Question 8 refers to the following table.

Column B describes the makeup and responsibilities of the ________.

Question 9 refers to the following passage, an excerpt from the U.S. Constitution.

When Congress passes laws that are “necessary and proper” to fulfill its constitutional responsibilities, it is exercising one of its ________________.

Questions 10 and 11 refer to the following passage, an excerpt from the Fourteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.

Which principle of American constitutional democracy does the Fourteenth Amendment support?

How did the Fourteenth Amendment change citizenship in the United States?

Question 12 refers to the following table.

Which phrase is the correct label for the table?

Questions 13 and 14 refer to the following paragraph and graph.

Nations that include the United States go into debt when their expenses exceed tax revenue. This practice is known as deficit spending. Although the United States regularly makes interest payments on its national debt, it has rarely tried to pay it down between 1923 and 2023.

Which of the following statements is supported by the paragraph and the graph?

Nations that include the United States go into debt when their expenses exceed tax revenue. This practice is known as deficit spending. Although the United States regularly makes interest payments on its national debt, it has rarely tried to pay it down between 1923 and 2023.

Which of the following statements about 2003 is supported by the graph?

Question 15 refers to the following paragraph and graph.

The term inflation refers to the rate at which the prices of goods and services rise over time. Each month, the Bureau of Labor Statistics publishes an annualized inflation rate. For example, an annualized inflation rate of 5% in one month indicates that prices for goods and services would rise 5% over one year if left unchanged. The chart below shows the annualized inflation rate for each month between April 2020 and April 2023.

Which of the following statements is supported by the chart?

Questions 16 through 18 refer to the following graph.

Image Source: SilverStar at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Which of the following statements is supported by the graph?

Image Source: SilverStar at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

The government regulates the supply of goods and services and sets prices in which type of economy?

Image Source: SilverStar at English Wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Assuming the information in the graph is true, what happens to a good or service’s price when it becomes scare?

Questions 19 and 20 refer to the following paragraph and graph.

Buying a new car is an exciting but expensive experience. As a result, many buyers finance their purchase by taking out a car loan. Most lenders offer loans lasting 3-6 years. The graph below shows the monthly payment and total interest paid for a $20,000 loan with a 4.5% interest rate.

What kind of correlation exists between the financing terms’ monthly payments and the total interest paid?

Buying a new car is an exciting but expensive experience. As a result, many buyers finance their purchase by taking out a car loan. Most lenders offer loans lasting 3-6 years. The graph below shows the monthly payment and total interest paid for a $20,000 loan with a 4.5% interest rate.

Which statement explains why car dealerships and other lenders charge some buyers a higher-than-average or lower-than-average interest rate?

Electric vehicles are becoming more popular with consumers. In China, the government subsidizes electric vehicle manufacturers, allowing them to sell cars at or below manufacturing costs. The United States responded by passing tariffs on Chinese-made electric cars.

Which statement summarizes the United States’ actions in this scenario?

Questions 22 through 24 refer to the following graphic, a print advertisement from a 1948 issue of The Ladies Home Journal.

Image Source: Internet Archive Book Images, No restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons

Which group is the advertisement’s intended audience?

Image Source: Internet Archive Book Images, No restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons

Which strategy does the advertisement use to convince consumers to buy Rinso?

Image Source: Internet Archive Book Images, No restrictions, via Wikimedia Commons

The U.S. government decided that Rinso is an essential product, so it sets a minimum price of $4/box. Which type of policy does this action describe?

Questions 25 and 26 refer to the following information and map.

In the early 1980s, a disease known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) began to spread worldwide. Infection occurs when someone comes into contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids. As of 2019, there is no known cure or vaccine, although many promising treatments exist.

Image Source: Our world in data, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

In 2019, which of the following continents had the highest percentage of countries with an HIV infection rate exceeding 5%?

In the early 1980s, a disease known as Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) began to spread worldwide. Infection occurs when someone comes into contact with an infected person’s bodily fluids. As of 2019, there is no known cure or vaccine, although many promising treatments exist.

Image Source: Our world in data, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Which of the following statements about 2019 is supported by the map?

Questions 27 and 28 refer to the following map.

Mercator Projection

Image Source: Strebe, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

At which location does this map display the least amount of distortion?

Mercator Projection

Image Source: Strebe, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Why does this map contain distortion?

Questions 29 refers to the following graphic, a map of Earth’s tectonic plates.

Image Source: M.Bitton, CC BY-SA 3.0, via Wikimedia Commons

Earthquakes in Japan are the result of friction between which three tectonic plates?

Question 30 refers to the following table, a country’s record high and low temperatures for each month of the year.

Which statement does the information in the table support