I. Increasing the temperature of Solvent A allows all dissolvable solutes to dissolve faster.

II. Substance A is dissolvable in Solvent A, while Substance B is not.

In the early 1800’s, English naturalist RS Edleston discovered a peppered moth (Biston betularia) that was almost totally black. This was highly unusual at the time, because the peppered moth was thought to always be a combination of black and white.

By 1900, the populations of peppered moths in English cities were up to 98% black, with only 2% peppered or white. This was the height of the industrial revolution, when English cities were burning large amounts of coal, which blackened tree bark with smoke and soot. In the second half of the 20th century, coal use was dramatically reduced, and the proportion of black moths continues to decrease to this day.

In the early 1800’s, English naturalist RS Edleston discovered a peppered moth (Biston betularia) that was almost totally black. This was highly unusual at the time, because the peppered moth was thought to always be a combination of black and white.

By 1900, the populations of peppered moths in English cities were up to 98% black, with only 2% peppered or white. This was the height of the industrial revolution, when English cities were burning large amounts of coal, which blackened tree bark with smoke and soot. In the second half of the 20th century, coal use was dramatically reduced, and the proportion of black moths continues to decrease to this day.

In the early 1800’s, English naturalist RS Edleston discovered a peppered moth (Biston betularia) that was almost totally black. This was highly unusual at the time, because the peppered moth was thought to always be a combination of black and white.

By 1900, the populations of peppered moths in English cities were up to 98% black, with only 2% peppered or white. This was the height of the industrial revolution, when English cities were burning large amounts of coal, which blackened tree bark with smoke and soot. In the second half of the 20th century, coal use was dramatically reduced, and the proportion of black moths continues to decrease to this day.

In the early 1800’s, English naturalist RS Edleston discovered a peppered moth (Biston betularia) that was almost totally black. This was highly unusual at the time, because the peppered moth was thought to always be a combination of black and white.

By 1900, the populations of peppered moths in English cities were up to 98% black, with only 2% peppered or white. This was the height of the industrial revolution, when English cities were burning large amounts of coal, which blackened tree bark with smoke and soot. In the second half of the 20th century, coal use was dramatically reduced, and the proportion of black moths continues to decrease to this day.

A study was done to measure the effectiveness of an antibiotic on different bacteria. The antibiotic Vancomycin was tested on 3 types of bacteria: Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. Bacterial growth was measured at 3 different durations of time exposure to the antibiotic: 1 hour, 24 hours, and 7 days. The rate of bacterial growth was measured by bacterial colony size at each time interval. The data for each duration was calculated and compiled into the graph shown below. As a control, each bacterial species was also grown with no exposure to the antibiotic. This control culture was measured after 7 days.

A study was done to measure the effectiveness of an antibiotic on different bacteria. The antibiotic Vancomycin was tested on 3 types of bacteria: Enterococcus, Staphylococcus, and Streptococcus. Bacterial growth was measured at 3 different durations of time exposure to the antibiotic: 1 hour, 24 hours, and 7 days. The rate of bacterial growth was measured by bacterial colony size at each time interval. The data for each duration was calculated and compiled into the graph shown below. As a control, each bacterial species was also grown with no exposure to the antibiotic. This control culture was measured after 7 days.

Light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in any medium, whether it be air or space or glass or any kind of crystal. A key characteristic of light is its wavelength. The wavelength can have a wide range of values. A range of focus is the visible spectrum, the spectrum at which humans can perceive light:

For certain objects to appear the color that they are, they must reflect that wavelength of light, while absorbing every other wavelength of light.

Light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in any medium, whether it be air or space or glass or any kind of crystal. A key characteristic of light is its wavelength. The wavelength can have a wide range of values. A range of focus is the visible spectrum, the spectrum at which humans can perceive light:

For certain objects to appear the color that they are, they must reflect that wavelength of light, while absorbing every other wavelength of light.

Light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in any medium, whether it be air or space or glass or any kind of crystal. A key characteristic of light is its wavelength. The wavelength can have a wide range of values. A range of focus is the visible spectrum, the spectrum at which humans can perceive light:

For certain objects to appear the color that they are, they must reflect that wavelength of light, while absorbing every other wavelength of light.

Light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in any medium, whether it be air or space or glass or any kind of crystal. A key characteristic of light is its wavelength. The wavelength can have a wide range of values. A range of focus is the visible spectrum, the spectrum at which humans can perceive light:

For certain objects to appear the color that they are, they must reflect that wavelength of light, while absorbing every other wavelength of light.

A famous equation Einstein founded relates the energy \((E)\) of a light-wave to its wavelength \((\lambda)\), the photoelectric effect:

\(E = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\)

Where \(h\) is a constant, \(c\) is the speed of light, and \(\lambda\) is the wavelength of light.

Light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in any medium, whether it be air or space or glass or any kind of crystal. A key characteristic of light is its wavelength. The wavelength can have a wide range of values. A range of focus is the visible spectrum, the spectrum at which humans can perceive light:

For certain objects to appear the color that they are, they must reflect that wavelength of light, while absorbing every other wavelength of light.

A famous equation Einstein founded relates the energy \((E)\) of a light-wave to its wavelength \((\lambda)\), the photoelectric effect:

\(E = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\)

Where \(h\) is a constant, \(c\) is the speed of light, and \(\lambda\) is the wavelength of light.

Light is an electromagnetic wave that propagates in any medium, whether it be air or space or glass or any kind of crystal. A key characteristic of light is its wavelength. The wavelength can have a wide range of values. A range of focus is the visible spectrum, the spectrum at which humans can perceive light:

For certain objects to appear the color that they are, it must reflect that wavelength of light, while absorbing every other wavelength of light.

A famous equation Einstein founded relates the energy of a light-wave to its wavelength, the photoelectric effect:

\(E = \dfrac{hc}{\lambda}\)

Where \(h\) is a constant, \(c\) is the speed of light, and \(\lambda\) is the wavelength of light.

Humans are not able to sense direct temperatures, but rather the heat flux onto your skin. Heat flux is defined by the following equation:

\(q=\left|k\left(T_{\text{object}} − T_{\text{hand}}\right)\right|\)

Where \(q\) is the heat flux, the temperatures are the temperature of the object you are touching \((T_{\text{object}})\) and your hand \((T_{\text{hand}})\), and \(k\) is a material property of the object you are touching. When skin is contacted with a very high heat flux, it can burn.

Humans are not able to sense direct temperatures, but rather the heat flux onto your skin. Heat flux is defined by the following equation:

\(q=\left|k\left(T_{\text{object}}− T_{\text{hand}}\right)\right|\)

Where \(q\) is the heat flux, the temperatures are the temperature of the object you are touching \((T_{\text{object}})\) and your hand \((T_{\text{hand}})\), and \(k\) is a material property of the object you are touching. When skin is contacted with a very high heat flux, it can burn.

Students are researching families with one brown-haired parent and one red-haired parent to understand how recessive hair-color genes interact with dominant genes. They studied the offspring of a heterozygous brown-haired man (Bb) and a homozygous recessive red-haired woman (bb). Of their four children, three have brown hair and one has red hair. The students prepared the Punnett square that is shown below.

Students are researching families with one brown-haired parent and one red-haired parent to understand how recessive hair-color genes interact with dominant genes. They studied the offspring of a heterozygous brown-haired man (Bb) and a homozygous recessive red-haired woman (bb). Of their four children, three have brown hair and one has red hair. The students prepared the Punnett square that is shown below.

Students are researching families with one brown-haired parent and one red-haired parent to understand how recessive hair-color genes interact with dominant genes. They studied the offspring of a heterozygous brown-haired man (Bb) and a homozygous recessive red-haired woman (bb). Of their four children, three have brown hair and one has red hair. The students prepared the Punnett square that is shown below.